{"product_id":"chloride-channels-and-carriers-in-nerve-muscle-and-glial-cells-0306434261","title":"Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle, and Glial Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISBN:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0306434261\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/strong\u003e John M. Russell F. J. Alvarez-Leefmans\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e New\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a book about how Cl- crosses the cell membranes of nerve, muscle, and glial cells. Not so very many years ago, a pamphlet rather than book might have resulted from such an endeavor! One might ask why Cl-, the most abundant biological anion, attracted so little attention from investigators. The main reason was that the prevailing paradigm for cellular ion homeostasis in the 1950s and 1960s assigned Cl- a ther- modynamically passive and unspecialized role. This view was particularly prominent among muscle and neuroscience investigators. In searching for reasons for such a negative (no pun intended) viewpoint, it seems to us that it stemmed from two key experimental observations. First, work on frog skeletal muscle showed that Cl- was passively distributed between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid. Second, work on Cl- transport in red blood cells confirmed that the Cl- transmembrane distribution was thermodynamically passive and, in addition, showed that Cl- crossed the mem- brane extremely rapidly. This latter finding [for a long time interpreted as being the result of a high passive chloride electrical permeability(? CI)] made it quite likely that Cl- would remain at thermodynamic equilibrium. These two observations were gener- alized and virtually all cells were thought to have a very high P Cl and a ther- modynamically passive Cl- transmembrane distribution. These concepts can still be found in some physiology and neuroscience textbooks.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Mia Karts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51729275224352,"sku":"NEW0306434261","price":116.09,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0980\/7426\/3840\/files\/71JtJhGdpkL.jpg?v=1779428067","url":"https:\/\/miakarts.com\/products\/chloride-channels-and-carriers-in-nerve-muscle-and-glial-cells-0306434261","provider":"Miakarts Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}